Bridge Tips — Bidding 

Edited:  1-30-07

1

TIPS FOR THE OPENER

It is permissible to open 1NT or 2NT with a small doubleton. However, if your nerves are shot, have stoppers in the other three suits.

With four clubs and four spades, a hand strong enough to open 1NT, but no stopper in either red suit, open 1C.  

S. AKJ4  H. 87  D. 654   C. AKJ4  
(Open 1C) Ditto with four diamonds and four spades and no stopper in clubs or hearts, open 1D.  If partner responds 1H, rebid 1S; if partner responds 2C, rebid 2S.

Do not bid a weak four card suit in response to an opening bid holding a good hand of your own (an opening bid or better). If there is a slam in the hand, your response will usually leads to trouble. Among other calamities, it might encourage partner to bid 3NT with a singleton in that suit. If partner opens 1D, respond 1S with: 

S. AKQ10   H. 9432  D. AJ8  C. 76  
There is no rule from up above that dictates that you MUST respond one heart with four hearts and four spades although you almost always do.

With five cards in a minor and four cards in a major plus opening bid strength, respond in the minor and then bid the major. If partner opens 1D and you hold:  

S. AJ76   H. 54  D. 54  C. AK1076 
Respond 2C and then bid spades. DON'T START WITH 1S!.  With 10 HCP or less, bid the major first. S. KQ76  H. 54  D. 43  C. AJ764   Respond 1S.

As the opener, keep in mind that a 1NT response to your opening major suit bid frequently contains a singleton (usually in your suit), and may contain a void. It is one of the notrump responses that does not promise a balanced hand. If partner opens 1H, respond 1NT  with:   S. J54  H. -  D. A5432  C. Q9653. This is the reason that opener needs a six card suit to rebid the major after a 1NT response.

Opener       Responder       Opener    Responder     Opener    Responder
1H              2C                     1D           1H                  1C           1H          
2D  (forcing)                        2C (not forcing)              2D  (forcing -a reverse)

Opener            Responder
1C                   2C
2D  (forcing)           

Opener is NOT running away from a short club. Opener is trying to get to game with a big hand. Opener may have:   S. A4  H.  84   D. AK97  C. AK764.
In this sequence, 2NT by the opener after 2C shows about 18 HCP.  When responder has limited his hand with a single raise and opener bids again, opener is trying for game with extras.

When considering whether to open 1NT, treat a five card suit headed by three of the top five honors as worth one extra point. In other words, with 17 HCP and one of these five card suits treat the hand as an 18 point hand. If you play a range of 15-17, do not open 1NT. Open the bidding in the five card suit and then jump in notrump. You pick up:

S. K107 H. Q32 D. K5 C. AKQ76  Open 1C and jump to 2NT if partner responds 1D, 1H or 1S.

Tips for the Responder

When partner opens 1H and you have five spades and three hearts, raise to 2H with 6-9 HCP. With 10-12 HCP, respond 1S and bid 3H at your next opportunity.

a. S. KQ876 H. Q43 D. 65 C. 876
Raise 1H to 2H

b. S. KQ876 H. AJ3 D. 65 C. 876
Respond 1S and if partner rebids 2C, 2D or 2H, bid 3H.

In the sequence 1H-1S, 2C-2H, your 2H preference shows TWO hearts, not three. With three hearts tend to raise directly.

a. S. AJ543 H. 105 D. Q542 C. 104
Is a normal responding hand for the example sequence.

b. S. K54 H. 875 D. J432 C. Q54
With 6H-7HCP, three nondescript hearts, plus a balanced hand, respond 1NT to a 1H opening bid. If partner rebids 2C or 2D, return to 2H in theory showing a doubleton heart. Not to worry, partner will not complain when he sees what you put down. Raising to 2H is too encouraging with 6-7 point abominations.

12

After partner opens 1H or 1S and there is an intervening overcall, a jump cuebid by responder shows a singleton in the opponent's suit, at least four card support for partner's suit plus minimum of 14-15 support points. It is a mild slam try. Say partner opens 1H and the next hand bids 2C and you hold:

S. AJ87 H. KQ43 D. Q1098 C. 3
With 15 support points, jump to 4C making it easier for partner to evaluate her hand.

A jump cue bid after a minor suit opening bid also shows a singleton in the jump suit, but promises five or six card support and denies a side four card major. Say partner opens 1C and the next hand overcalls 1D and you hold:

S. A43   H. K43   D.2   C.KJ8743.
You have a perfect 3D response. Do it!

When partner bids 4NT, Blackwood, and you have 1 or 3 aces along with a void, jump to the SIX level of your VOID suit. If your void suit is higher ranking than the trump suit, jump to the six level of the trump suit. Say you hold either of these hands:

a. S. - H. AJ5432 D. 543 C. J982

b. S. J98 H. AJ5432 D. - C. 5432

Partner opens 1H, you bid 4H and partner bids 4NT. With (a) bid 6H showing 1 ace and spade void. With (b) jump to 6D showing one ace and a diamond void.

15

If you play strong jump shifts, a jump shift should be made with one of three hand types:  (1)  A strong one suited hand; (2)  A hand that has strong support for partner's suit; (3)  A balanced type hand with a five or possibly a six card suit with much of the strength on the outside. With (1) rebid your suit; With (2) return to partner's suit; With (3) rebid some number of notrump.

A convention worth considering is called Leaping Michaels. With a name like that, how can you go wrong? Basically, this is the idea. If your RHO opens 2H or 2S, weak, or the bidding comes around to you in 4th seat LHO having opened 1H or 1S and having been raised to 2H or 2S, a leap by you to 4C or 4D is "Leaping Michaels. But what does it show?

It shows a strong hand with five or six cards in the minor that you bid, along with FIVE cards in the unbid major. For example, if your RHO opens 2S, bid 4C with:  S. -  H. QJ987   D. A6  C. AK9874   The jump is not forcing, but responder doesn't need much to bid game. Bid the same if your LHO opens 1S, partner passes and RHO raises to 2S.

In addition, when playing 'Leaping Michaels', you can use the direct cuebid of the opponent's suit at the three level to ask partner for a stopper in their suit holding a six or seven card solid suit of your own plus outside strength but no stopper in their suit.

For example, if your RHO opens 2H, bid 3H with:  S. A4  H. 54  D. AKQ10764  C. K5. Bid the same if your LHO opens 1H, partner passes, and RHO bids 2H.  Note: A good partner will have a stopper.   If he doesn't, with a weak hand he should bid 4C which partner corrects to diamonds if necessary.  Responder can also jump to 5C (which will be corrected, if necessary) or, perhaps, cuebid opener's suit with a singleton.

BLACKWOOD TIPS

Every 4NT bid is not Blackwood. If your last bid was 1NT or 2NT and partner bids 4NT, that is not Blackwood. It is a natural, invitational, bid which can be passed.

Do not use Blackwood prematurely with a void.  Say you pick up:

S. AKQ876  H. -  D KQ8   C. AKQ3 

You     Partner
2C      2D (waiting)

2S       3S (positive)

?   

Do not bid 4NT! If partner shows you an ace, you won't know which one it is. Cuebid 4C. If partner has the DA, you will hear about it.

P.S If you play "Exclusion Blackwood", where a jump over game in (5H) shows a void in the jump suit and asks for aces and/or the king of trumps outside of the jump suit, you could also do that with this hand.  Responses are:  5S (the first step shows '0' aces. 5NT, the second step shows '1', etc. In effect there are three aces and the king of the agreed suit in play.

Noe:  Some people have never used this bid in their entire life!

Do not ask partner for kings via 5NT unless the partnership has all of the aces and you are interested in a grand slam. Partner is allowed to jump to seven directly if 13 tricks can be counted.      You hold:  S. KQ10876 H. 2  D. AQJ42  C. 4

Partner      You

1C              1S

4S               4NT

5H               ?     

Bid 6S.  Do NOT bid 5NT asking for kings. You are missing an ace and partner might go ballistic and bid a grand.

Do not use Blackwood prematurely holding two or more losers in an UNBID suit.

You hold:  S. KQ987  H. Q107  D. AKJ7  C. 2

Partner   You 

1C           1S

3S            ?

Cuebid 4D. Do not bid 4NT until you hear a heart cuebid, a suit in which you have two or more quick losers.

When responding to a regular 4NT Blackwood bid, respond 5C with either no aces or all four aces.

Do not count a void as an ace when responding to Blackwood.

When responding to Blackwood holding 0 or 2 (usually '2') aces along with a void, jump to 5NT.

S. A1087  H. AJ843    D. QJ87  C. -

Partner    You

1H           4C (1)

4NT          5NT (2)

(1) Splinter jump- strong hand- could be a singleton (Some play that it shows a void!)
(2) Two aces with a club void

When partner asks you for kings, via 5NT, do not answer for kings if you can count 13 tricks. Bid a grand. Answering for kings tells partner you cannot count 13 tricks even knowing that the partnership has all four aces.

You hold:  S. 6  H. KQ1076543  D. KQ4  C. 4

You       Partner

4H        4NT  (1)

5C (2)   5NT (3)

?

(1) Regular Blackwood

(2)  0 or 4 aces, clearly 0.

(3)  Kings?  Also tells you that partner has all four aces as the 5NT bid PROMISES joint possession of the four aces. Knowing that, bid 7NT as you can count 13 tricks:  8 hearts, 3 diamonds and both black aces.

With zero or two aces, (almost always two) plus a void, respond 5NT. 

Note: the void cannot be in partner's first bid suit.

You hold:  S. 876  H. AJ10874  D. -  C. AJ94

Partner      You

1S              2H

3H (1)        4C (2)

4NT (3)      ?

(1)  Forcing  (2)  Cuebid   (3)  Regular Blackwood

Respond 5NT showing two aces plus an unknown void- which in this case must be diamonds as you normally do not show a void in partner's first bid suit.

26

TAKEOUT DOUBLE TIPS

When responding to a takeout double, add one extra point for any unbid four card major and two extra points for any unbid five card major. Then if your total comes to 9-11 working points ( do not count anything for jacks or queens in any suit by the opponent when planning a suit response) make a single jump response which is not forcing. With less make a non-jump response. With more than 11 revalued points, cuebid the opponent's suit. Say your LHO opens 1C, partner doubles, the next passes and you are gazing at these possible hands:

a. S. A874 H. K4 D. 10843 C. 9743     8 revalued points — respond 1S

b. S. A874 H. K4 D. J1043 C. 976     9 revalued points — respond 2S

c. S. AK874 H. 76 D. 87 C. 10832     9 revalued points — respond 2S

d S. AK87 H. K5 D. A432 C. J87    15 revalued points (CJ not counted) respond 2C

The ideal distribution for a takeout double is 4-4-4-1 with a singleton in the opening bidder's suit. With this distribution, 11 HCP is enough to double an opening bid. Doubling with 10 HCP, even with the perfect distribution, is pushing the pencil. If you do, your singleton should not be an honor, and it doesn't hurt to have strong intermediates either.  A passed hand takeout double shows 10-11 HCP with shortness in the doubled suit.
i

With a 4-4-4-1 pattern, it is normal to pass if the opponent  opens in one of your four card suits and then double if they find a fit in your singleton suit.

You hold:  S. AJ65  H. 4  D. KQ98  C. A1087

East   South (you)   West   North

1D      Pass              1H       Pass

2H      ?

Double. The bidding has come up just the way you were hoping. Your double shows at least an opening bid with short hearts, diamond length plus support for the unbid suits.  Pefect.

It is risky to double an opening bid holding a small doubleton in an unbid major, particularly a small doubleton in spades. To pull this off, you should have 19+ H.C.P

You hold: (a)  S. 43  H. AQ98    D. AK75  C. AJ9

                (b)  S. 43  H. Q1042  D. AK75  C. AJ9

East   South (you)

1C     ?

With (a) you are strong enough to double. If partner bids the expected 1S, rebid 1N'T showing 18-19 HCP.

With (b) overcall 1NT directly. You don't need stoppers in all four suits to overcall 1NT, but you do need a stopper or two in the suit they have bid.

A takeout double followed by a suit bid is stronger than overcalling in the suit directly.

With a doubleton in the opener's suit, you need 17+ HCP to double and then bid a five card suit.  With less, overcall with your five card suit.

With a singleton in the opener's suit, you need 15+ HCP to double and then bid a major.

East     South (you)   West   North   

1C        Dbl                Pass    1S  

Pass     2H                                        .   

With  S. AJ4  H. KQ986  D. KQ3  C. J4     Overcall 1H.  The CJ is not working.

With  S. AJ42  H. KQ986  D. A102  C. 7   Dbl. and then bid hearts if partner doesn't bid spades.

With  S. AJ4  H. KQ986  D. AK4   C. 32   Dbl. and then bid hearts.

Review:  To make a jump response to a takeout double you need 9-11 "revalued points".

(1.) Unless you are responding in notrump, do not count jacks or queens in the opener's suit.

(2.) Add 1 extra point if you have a five card major and a second extra point if the hand has a side four card suit as well.

S. AK543  H. Q43  D. 8743  C. 5

If partner doubles a 1H opening bid, do not count anything for the HQ, but give yourself two extra points t for the five card spade suit plus (something new) one extra point for any unbid four card side suit bringing your total to 10, The proper response is 2S, the same response you would have made without the HQ.

In the same vein count three extra points for a six card suit and one more if the hand has a side four card suit. If partner doubles a 1H opening bid and you  have

S. AJ8432  H. 653   D. J95  C. 4 

Respond 2S. You have 6 HCP plus 3 extra for the six card suit.

If your hand reevaluates to more than 11 points, cuebid and then bid your suit. 

You hold:  S. KQ54  H. A9543  D. Q8  C. 54

If your partner doubles 1C, you have 12 HCP plus two extra for the fifth heart and one extra for the fourth spade bringing your total to 14. Start with a cuebid of 2C and if partner bids 2D, bid 2H. If partner bids 2H or 2S, raise to game.

One time you can cuebid with fewer than 12 revalued points is when partner doubles a minor suit opening bid and catches you with two four card majors along with  9-11 revalued points. Cuebid and then raise partner's expected 2H or 2S rebid to the three level, not forcing.

Say you hold: S. A843  H. A1074  D. 92   C. Q98  

If partner doubles 1D, respond 2D and then raise partner's likely 2H or 2S rebid to the three level. 

34

PREEMPTIVE BIDDING TIPS

Do not open with a beneath game preempt holding two aces or one ace and two kings. You are too strong defensively.

Vul. vs not, your suit should contain 3 of the 5 or 2 of the top 3 honors.

After you preempt, and partner bids a new suit beneath the game level, you cannot pass. That response is forcing! Don't get cold feet.

After opening 3C and hearing partner respond 3D, show a major suit stopper if you have one.  S. QJ4  H. 3  D. 42  C. AJ108743   After you open 3C and partner responds 3D, bid 3S to show a spade stopper. The 3S response does not show a real suit. A 3C or 3D opening bid is not supposed to conceal a four card major.

Although most three bids show 7 card suits, if you have 7-4 distribution, with a long major, think about opening four.  S. AQJ10543  H. 4  D. Q1086 C. 3

This hand is a clear 4S opening bid.   The fourth card in the four card suit is usually worth an extra trick.

If partner responds 3NT to your three level preempt, that ends the auction. It's not on your head to take it out. Partner may have a solid suit over that he is planning to run. Do not cross his intentions!

Preempt as often as possible consistent with the vulnerability. It drives the opponents mad.

After you preempt, partner is in charge and takes ALL sacrifices. Reread this one.

When partner, a preemptive bidder, doubles an eventual contract (usually a slam contract), he is trying to tell you of a side suit void. Try to find it on opening lead. Do not lead partner's suit!

43

WHEN THEY PREEMPT

Be agressive defensively with a singleton in the opponent's suit. You can make a takeout double with as few as 12-13 HCP if you have the magic 4-4-4-1 distribution.

With a small doubleton in the opponent's suit, check your support for the unbid majors. If you have four card support for either one or both of them, you can risk a takeout double with as few as 14 HCP. With three card support for the unbid major, you need 15-16 HCP, minimum, to make a takeout double.

When partner makes a non-jump response to your takeout double of an opening preempt, assume partner has 4-5 HCP. His actual range is 0-8, so you are taking a middle of the road assumption. 

If your RHO opens 3C or 3D and you overcall 4C or 4D, you are showing a major two-suiter, at least 5-5 with opening bid values.

If your RHO opens 3H and you overcall 4H, you are showing a spade-minor two suiter, at least 5-5 with opening bid values and then some.  You might have a hand like this:  S. AJ943  H. A   D. 2   C. KQ10876   Partner bids 4NT to ask for your minor.

The double of an opening 4H bid is TAKEOUT oriented and the doubler must have at least three spades. If you have strong hearts, you are fixed. You must pass and hope partner reopens with a takeout double. A bid of 4NT over a 4H opening bid shows the minors, at least 5-5, hopefully 6-5 or 5-6.

(a)  S. A2  H. KQ5  D. A8765  C. Q98

(b)  S. AJ4  H. 5  D. KJ984  C. AK43

(c)   S. 4   H. 3   D. KQ984  C. AQJ874

If your RHO opens 4H, pass with (a) (it only hurts for a little while),  double with (b) and bid 4NT with (c). 

And how should you deal with a 4S opening bid? I was afraid you would ask that.  Conventional wisdom is the following:

1. Double shows either a strong balanced hand, at LEAST the strength of a strong opening notrump bid- or spade shortness, perhaps:

    S. 4   H. AJ87  D. AK54  C. KJ43  

Responder only pulls a double of 4S with a distributional hand. If it is two-suited distributional hand, responder usually bids 4NT.

2. An overcall of 4NT is considered "unusual" for the minors. However if responder bids 5C and opener bids 5D, the 4NT bidder has a red two suiter. Perhaps opener has bid 4NT with:  S. 4   H. AKJ65  D. AQ10764  C. 3  He is allowed to do this

3. With the strongest three-suiter you can imagine, overcall 5S forcing the hand to slam.  Perhaps:  S. -  H. AKJ9  D. AKQ4  C. KQ1076 

Don't worry, you'll never have this hand.

49

4NT    WHEN DOES IT MEAN WHAT?

After either player bids a natural 1NT or 2NT and partner bids 4NT, that is natural, and though a slam try, can be passed. To ask for aces, leap to 4C, Gerber.

After the 4th suit a leap to 4NT is natural.

Opener      Responder

1S             2D

2H             3C

4NT (natural) 

After a two level response and a new suit by the opener at the three level, a leap to 4NT by responder is natural. 

Opener     Responder

1S             2H

3D             4NT (natural)

After a  two over one response followed by a jump rebid of 3NT by opener, 4NT by responder is natural.

Opener     Responder

1S            2C

3NT          4NT (natural)

After a 3H or 3S opening, a leap to 4NT by 2nd hand is for the minors.

East         South

3H, 3S      4NT  (minors)  

After a 4H opening, a 4NT overcall is for the minors.

East         South

4H            4NT (minors)

After a 4S opening, a 4NT overcall by 2nd hand shows some two-suited hand. Responder presumes the minors... but 

East        South         West      North 

4S           4NT            Pass       5C

Pass        5D

When the 4NT bidder removes partner's 5C response to 5D, it means the 4NT bidder has hearts and diamonds. Perhaps:  S. x   H. AQJxx  D. AKJxxx  C. x

After a natural opening bid of 1C or 1D and 2nd hand overcalls 4S, 4NT by

responder is for takeout. It is not Blackwood.

North     East     South     West

1D         4S        4NT?

South's 4NT bid is a 3-suited takeout. Perhaps:  S. x  H. AKxx  D. Qxx C. AQJxx

Many players now use an opening 4NT bid to ask for specific aces. This comes in very handy when the opener has a void.

Say opener has:  S. AKQxxxxx   H. KQJx   D. A    C. -

All opener wants to know if partner has the HA.  Period.  The responses to an opening bid of 4NT are:

5C= No ace

5D,5H,5S =The ace of that suit

5NT= 2 aces (don't hold your breath)
6C= The CA